Aerobic Exercise Decrease Cholesterol Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Abstract
Elevated cholesterol level is one of the risks for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Exercise is one of therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exercise on decrease cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study used pre-post test one group design. Twenty-two patients with diabetes mellitus followed the intervention which is a twice a week exercise for 4 weeks. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after exercise. Data were analyzed by dependent T-test. Cholesterol levels in patients with  diabetes mellitus before the exercise reached 261.18±49.013 mg/dL and after intervention decreased to 224.41±26 mg/dL. Dependent t-test showed differences in cholesterol levels before and after exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). Exercise can lower cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adiwijono & Ahmad, H. 1993. Dislipidemia pada Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II: Patofisiologi dan pendekatan terapi. Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran.
Ahn, N., Kim, K., 2016. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular disease: effect of exercise training. Integr. Med. Res. (5): 212–215.
Bays, H.E., 2014. Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Gen. Med. 7, 355–364.
Casman, Fauziyah, Y., Fitriyana, I., Triwibowo, C. 2015. Perbedaan efektifitas antara latihan fisik dan progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah puasa pada penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Pannmed (10): 246–249.
Clarkson, P., Celermajer, D.S., Donald, A.E., Sampson, M., Sorensen, K.E., Adams, M., Yue, D.K., Betteridge, D.J., Deanfield, J.E. 1996. Impaired vascular reactivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is related to disease duration and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (28): 573–579.
Colberg, S.R., Sigal, R.J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J.G., Blissmer, B.J., Rubin, R.R., Chasan-Taber, L., Albright, A.L., Braun, B., 2010. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: Joint position statement. Diabetes Care (33): 147–167.
Femlak, M., Gluba-Brzózka, A., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A., Rysz, J. 2017. The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. Lipids Health Dis. 16, 1–9.
Gordon, L.A., Morrison, E.Y., McGrowder, D.A., Young, R., Fraser, Y.T.P., Zamora, E., Alexander-Lindo, R.L., Irving, R.R., 2008. Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 8, 1–10.
Gylling, H., Tuominen, J.A., Koivisto, V.A., Miettinen, T.A., 2004. Cholesterol Metabolism in Type 1. Diabetes (53): 2217–2222.
Hayashino, Y., JL, J., Fukumori, N., Nakamura, F., Fukuhara, S. 2012. Effects of supervised exercise on lipid profiles and blood pressure control in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Resource Clinical Practice (98): 349–360 12p.
Honkola, A., Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.1997. Resistance training improves the metabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol (34): 245–248.
Kelley, G.A., Kelley, K.S., 2007. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Public Health 121, 643–655.
Kelner, K., 2003. Obesity-what is to be done? Science (80):299, 845–845.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2013. Riset kesehatan dasar.
Krauss, R.M. 2004. Lipids and Lipoproteins in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care (27): 1496–1504.
Maiorana, A., O’Driscoll, G., Cheetham, C., Dembo, L., Stanton, K., Goodman, C., Taylor, R., Green, D. 2001. The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.( 38): 860–866.
Menik, H.L., Sammanthi, J.S., Priyantha, W.T., Shalika, P., Kotapola, I. 2005. Genetic association between insulin resistance and total cholesterol in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Preliminary Observation. Online J. Heal. Allied Sci. (4): 0–5.
Mohamed, E., Mohamed, M., Rashid, F.A. (2004). Dyslipidaemic pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Malaysian J. Med. Sci. (11).
Nathan, D. 2010. Menaklukkan diabetes. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer,
Price, S.A., 2005. Patofisiologi: konsep klinis proses-proses penyakit Volume 1 (6th ed.) Jakarta: EGC.
Ramachandran, A., 2012. Trends in prevalence of diabetes in Asian countries. World Journal Diabetes (3: 110–117.
Ravid, M., Brosh, D., Ravid-Safran, D., Levy, Z., Rachmani, R. 1998. Main risk factors for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus are plasma cholesterol levels, mean blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. Arch. Intern. Med. (158): 998–1004.
Sachdev, Y. 2009. Clinical endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher.
Shaw, J.E., Sicree, R. a., Zimmet, P.Z. 2010. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. (87): 4–14.
Shepherd, J., Barter, P., Carmena, R., Deedwania, P., Fruchart, J.C., Haffner, S., Hsia, J., Breazna, A., LaRosa, J., Grundy, S., Waters, D. 2006. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: The treating to new targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Care (29): 1220–1226.
Sudoyo, 2009. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam jilid II. Jakarta: Interna publishing.
Utomo, G.T., Junaidi, S., Rahayu, S. 2012. Latihan senam aerobik untuk menurunkan berat bdan, lemak, dan, kolesterol. J. Sport Sci. Fit. (1): 6–10.
Wahyu, A. 2008. Pengaruh intervensi olahraga di sekolah terhadap indeks masa tubuh dan tingkat kesegaran kardiorespirasi pada remaja obesitas. Program Pascasarjana Magister Ilmu Biomedik dan Progr. Pendidik. Dr. Spes. I Ilmu Kesehat. Anak Fak. Kedokt. Univ. Diponegoro 2, 1–108.
Wahyudi, T., Widyastuti, S.K., Suarsana, I.N., 2015. Profil lipoprotein plasma tikus dalam kondisi hiperglikemia. Hiperglikemia (4): 116–121.
Way, K.L., Hackett, D.A., Baker, M.K., Johnson, N.A., 2016. The effect of regular exercise on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. Journal (40): 253.
Whiting, D.R., Guariguata, L., Weil, C., Shaw, J. 2011. IDF Diabetes atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res. Clinical Practice (94): 311–321.
Zoppini, G., Targher, G., Zamboni, C., Venturi, C., Cacciatori, V., Moghetti, P., Muggeo, M. 2006. Effects of moderate-intensity exercise training on plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. (16): 543–549.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.